Socialization And Kids With Autism Essay - 1763 Words

Socialization and Kids with Autism Introduction I am very passionate about working with kids with autism. They have such amazing personalities and I feel like people don’t see past the disability to the unique person they are. For several years I worked at a residential facility for kids on the spectrum. I was a direct care staff that worked one on one with them to work on their goals their treatment plan was focusing on. My passion to help kids with autism comes from my previous experience working with these kids and watching them grow and learn new skills. This transformation that I watched happen and helped be a part of with these kids made me want to help more kids with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are a lot of skills that need to be taught to these children. Socialization, communication, and positive behavior are just a few kids with autism need help improving. I believe that the earlier that you teach a child these skills the more successful they will be. Early intervention has had a positive outcome wi thin many research experiments that professionals have done. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) also requires schools to teach kids with disabilities alongside typically developed kids as much as possible. Socialization is an important skill that should be taught to a child early in their life. Communication is also another skill that is important for a child to learn early on to help with their socialization. IShow MoreRelatedStudies and Techniques for Teaching Children with Autism1296 Words   |  5 Pagesdiseases and disorders that plague today’s world, but one of the most serious of those disorders is autism. In fact, autism is the third most common developmental disability affecting four hundred thousand people worldwide (Autism Society of America). As of yet there is no treatment for autism, only a variety of dealing with this disorder. Autism is a process disorder of brain function. People with autism have trouble in communication , social interactions and play activities. This disorder makes it difficultRead MoreAutism Is A Disorder Of Neural Advancement1622 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Autism? Autism is a disorder of neural advancement, impeded by social association and correspondence, and by dull and limited activity in conduct (Carlson, 2007, p. 594). These are signs that seem to start before an adolescent is four years of age. A mental imbalance influences, creating data in the mind by controlling how neural connections and nerve cells join together and are organized systematically, how this happens is not surely understood, but its 1 of 3 recognized issue in the a mentalRead MoreAutism Is Not Just One Disorder And It Affects The Normal Development Of A Child s Brain1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States will result in a child with autism. According to the Autism Society of America, it is reported as the fastest-growing disability, reaching epidemic proportions at a rate of 10-17 percent per year. Most parents recognize the signs and symptoms of autism anytime between birth and the first three years of their child’s life. Autism is classified as a neurological disorder and it affects the normal development of a child’s brain. Autism is not just one disorder, but a group of relatedRead MoreEssay On The Movie Rain Man1315 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctioning autism. How great certain skills are that make him appear as if he has supermen abilities, while also showing the need for adult supervision for other events that unfold in the movie. While sourcing several references what autism is, its characteristics and how to treat it at an early age to get the best functional outcome as an adult. Along with some of dangers that’s face people with autism from the world around them and my own personal reflections on interacting with people with autism. Read MoreThe Jane Justin School Of Autism969 Words   |  4 PagesOrganization’s name and location: The organization I chose is the Jane Justin: School of Autism. It is located on 1300 W Lancaster Ave, Fort Worth, TX 76102. Mission or purpose statement: The Jane Justin School of Autism provides the right life skills and knowledge that children need to live a meaningful and productive life. How the school makes this mission possible is by responding to the needs of the students and families while respecting and embracing the individuality of the child while maintainingRead MoreAutism And Peer Mediated Interventions1743 Words   |  7 PagesAutism and Peer-Mediated Interventions Often children with autistic spectrum disorder are omitted from mainstream classrooms or have limited interactions with their typical learning school mates possibly due to the extra time and energy it takes teachers to manage the anti-social behaviors often associated with the disorder. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often identified by the impairment of the ability to form normal social relationships, by the impairment of the capability to communicate withRead MoreAutism, Multiple Personality Disorder and Socializing Essay1953 Words   |  8 PagesAutism, Multiple Personality Disorder and Socializing â€Å"Where could anybody be without organizing their own thoughts†(Slater 1)? Imagine living in a world where one could not communicate with anyone around them on a truly rational level, even though the individual is completely rational. Imagine feeling so frightened by life, that one escapes to an Alternate reality, where they become catatonic, or even take on forms of different personalities to deal with everyday situations. Try not beingRead MoreAsperger s Disorder And The Incidence Of Cases Within The Different Social Fields1728 Words   |  7 Pagesrestricted areas. This disorder was officially recognized for the first time in the diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorders, until the publication of the Fourth Edition in 1994, (DSM-IV). Asperger s disorder is generally considered a form of autism, and is nowadays described as a disorder within the pervasive developmental disorders, judging as the more moderate part and with highest level of functioning of autis tic spectrum disorders. ASPERGER SYNDROME It is a disorder ofRead MoreA Hypothetical Interview With Parents of a Child With Special Needs2429 Words   |  10 Pagesget everyone in the same room! As an infant, we sensed our son was different, but were not doctors, so we made sure that we took him in regularly. It was around when he was about fourteen months when the doctors wanted to test for disorders on the Autism spectrum. Jason demonstrated a memory far more advanced for a child his age and he always arranged his toys in specific patterns. He didnt make much eye contact with people, especially people new to him, and we became concerned when he wasnt showingRead MoreMy Senior Year Field Placement1405 Words   |  6 Pagesand community resources. The goal of the Therapeutic Socialization Program is to facilitate socialization and communication skills and to decrease problematic behaviors through participation in fun and engaging in activities. This program is based on the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis and other proven approaches to develop individually tailored treatment protocols to help children, adolescents and young adults in the areas of socialization, self-regulation and communication. The TASP also focuses

Temple Of The Olympian Zeus And Flavian Amphitheater

Emily Nick Art 2080: Exam 2 Dr. Nancy Palm September 21, 2017 Cossutius, Temple of the Olympian Zeus and Flavian Amphitheater Architecture is the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and physical structures. Architectural work is often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Ancient Greek architecture is distinguished by its highly formalized characteristics, both of structure and decoration. Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but differed from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The Corinthian Temple of Olympian Zeus, located in the lower city of Athens was designed by the†¦show more content†¦This Aphrodite was one of the first statues by a well-known Greek sculptor to depict a fully nude woman. This set a new standard for nudity in art among women. Although nudity for athletic young men was deemed admirably in Greek society, this was not the same reaction when images of nude women were depicted. The acceptance of nudity in statues of can be connected to the merging of Greek concepts of goddesses. In this statue, the goddess is preparing to take a bath with a water jug and her clothing discarded at her side. Her hand is caught in a gesture of what seems to be modest, but only really calls attention to her nudity. Augustus of Primaporta because it was discovered in Livia’s villa at Primaporta near Rome. This emperor had this statue to show how he wanted to be seen and remembered. This work is known demonstrates that creativity in combination with earlier sculptural traditions that is a hallmark of Augustan art. The statue is larger-than-life and made of marble. The statue’s pose is a combination of contrapposto and canonical proportions developed by Greek classical sculptors. This statue captures Augustus’s in the physical prime of youth. The sculptor added mythological and historical imagery that exalts Augustus’s family and c elebrates his accomplishments. Even though these statues are similar is representing a person, they are almost complete opposites. Aphrodite ofShow MoreRelated Roman Architecture Essay2647 Words   |  11 PagesRome were on Tiber Island, later the sire of a temple to Aesculapius god of healing. Little is known of early Roman history because its first historical literature was recorded in 200 BC (Cornell and Matthews 14). The earliest structures that were inhabited by the ancient Romans were crude huts. At the end of the seventh century BC these huts were demolished. This made way for a decidedly more urban aspect of construction with permanent stone temples, houses, and various other public buildings

Explaining The Global Carbon Budget Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Explaining The Global Carbon Budget. Answer: Technology has made us Gods, even before we deserve to call ourselves human beings. The above quoted lines of Woody Allen clearly indicate the way technology has affected the lives of the human beings. It is true that technology has greatly improved the quality of our lives but at the same time it has contributed much to the problems which the world is facing at the present moment. One of the major problems which the world is facing at the moment because of the technological advancement is the problem of carbon dioxide emission and its impact on the climate of the world (Douglass 2018). According to Elizabeth Douglass, Once the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere tops 3.2 trillion metric tons, chances dim to avoid climate disaster, according to new calculations (Douglass 2018). Carbon budget can be defined as the maximum amount of greenhouses gases that can be released into the atmosphere without causing a significant amount of damage to the world climate (Le Qur et al. 2016). However, over the years this carbon budget of the world is fast depleting and if any drastic measures are not taken then the budget is likely to get exhausted with the next few decades. According to Elizabeth Douglass, the total carbon budget spent since the 1870s till present is around 2 trillion metric tons (Douglass 2018). The remaining amount of carbon budget left is only 1.2 trillion metric tons (Douglass 2018). Therefore, with the view to reduce the amount of fast rate of the depletion of the carbon budget of the world, the major powers of the world like USA. UK and others along with organizations like United Nations have signed significant treaties in a bid to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emission and its subsequent damage on the environment and climate (Douglass 2018). China has given hope in this particular sphere with its bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (Douglass 2018). Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the major problem which the world is facing at the moment is the fast depletion of the carbon budget. The depletion of this particular budget will not only raise the global temperature significantly but will also cause other related problems. Therefore, drastic steps need to be taken in order to counter this problem. References Douglass, E. 2018.Climate Primer: Explaining the Global Carbon Budget and Why it matters. Inside Climate News, pp.1-6. Le Qur, C., Andrew, R.M., Canadell, J.G., Sitch, S., Korsbakken, J.I., Peters, G.P., Manning, A.C., Boden, T.A., Tans, P.P., Houghton, R.A. and Keeling, R.F., 2016. Global carbon budget 2016.Earth System Science Data,8(2), pp.605-649.

Management of Mental Illnesses Is Significant To Clinical Practice

Question: How Management Of Mental Illnesses to Clinical Practice ? Answer: Introduction The theories of nursing are structured pieces of ideas that present a systematic method of a situation in nursing (Alligood, 2013). The various actions in the profession of nursing is based on set of theories. Theory offers an individual with perspective to view a particular situation and act on it purposefully and systematically. Nurses use theory to gain a perspective to view a client situation, organise relevant data of clients encountered on a day-to-day care, and to analyse and interpret the information (King, 1981). Theories include general proposition as a principle of explanation that ensures clarity in action and patient outcomes. In nursing practice, Mid-range nursing theories, are commonly used. These theories are more concrete in nature and presents concepts at a specific level and lower level of abstraction. These theories hold great promise in nursing profession in promoting theory based research. These theories improve nursing practice strategies (Riegel et al., 2012). These theories explain specific patient care phenomena such as pain management, and explain the concepts related to the phenomena. The applicability of the theory depends on the clarity of concepts, simplicity, and generalisability such that it can easily fit into practice (Townsend, 2014). Management of mental illnesses is significant to clinical practice. According to Rogers and Pilgrim, (2014) mental illness can be defined as any condition or disease that influences an individuals ability to think, behave, feel, relate to others and surrounding. Serious mental illnesses can lead to severe distress and disability which detoriates the quality of life. The syndromes, which are considered as serious mental illnesses, includes eating disorder, schizophrenia spectrum, personality and anxiety disorders (O'Donnell et al., 2011). There are range of factors causing mental illness including genetic, environmental stressors, biology and psychological trauma. Mental illness is the matter of grave concern due to its rapidly increasing rate worldwide. One-third worlds population is comprised of childrens and adolescents. It was reported by Kieling, (2011, p.1515) that neuropsychiatric disorders are the leading cause of health related burden. Mental illness accounts for disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost in 15-30% of the cases the first thirty years of life. The report by Kieling, (2011, pp.1518) mentioned that universal interventions both selective and indicated are directed at all children particularly focusing on those who are at high risk for developing mental disorders either due to the proximal risk factors or other clinical symptoms. However, the challenges of these interventions are the characterisation of the patients at whom the interventions will be targeted. Kieling, (2011) suggested that the children and adolescents can be benefitted both concurrently as well as in the long run by early interventions for their mental il lness. According to Doornbos, (2002, p.2) Doorknobs Family Health Theory, families can provide substantial amount of care for their young adults with persistent mental illness more than a mental health care professionals. It was mentioned by Sieloff Frey (2007) that family members undergo severe stress dealing with their young adults having mental illness, which in effects their own mental health. Therefore, Family Health Theory suggests identification of the factors predicting family health. This action will assist in developing interventions for promoting the family health and support them in critical work of caregiving. Corrigan et al. (2014) explained that the effect of family-perceived stigma on care seeking may be mediated by family burden, and includes both subjective (mental distress due to illness ) and objective (daily constraints life) components. There is a lack of adequate government mental health policies for children worldwide. Therefore, it hampers guiding the system implem entation, service development and undermines efforts to ensure the accountability of the allocated resources for programme development. Therefore on World Fit For Children the UN resolution endorses the commitment that every child has the right to develop to its maximum potential in order to gain sound physical, emotional and mental health (Kieling, 2011). This report particularly deals with Doorknobs Family Health Theory (FHT) (2000). The theory is critically analyzed using the guidelines of Chinn and Krammers (2015). The critical analysis of the theory is provided in terms of clarity of concept, accessibility and strength and weakness of the theory for improving nursing performance. The analysis will reveal possible interventions for adults with persistent mental illness and ways to enhance family caregiving. Purpose of the theory Dr. Mary Molewyk Doorknobs proposed the Family Health Theory (FHT) in the families of adults with persistent mental illness.The propositions of the theory highlight the importance of the role played by the family in caregiving and its impact on the health of the family system. This middle range theory developed from the Kings systems framework of family health in these families (Mary, 2000). As a family struggles to manage the mental illness of their young adults, they undergo a change in their own health system. This theory predicted some of the factors directly related to the familys health. It includes familys perception of the clients symptomatology, coping, professional communication, stressors, and time since diagnosis of the mental illness. Thus, the goal of the theory is to develop nursing interventions to assist family in their role of care giving (Doornbos, 2002). Relationships This section deals with different concepts and relationships that are to be taken into consideration, as nurses tend to develop effective interventions to reach one goal that is management of mental illness and assistance to the family. It includes three dynamic interacting systems mentioned by King, (1995) - personal, interpersonal and social. The theory of family health emphasise on the role of family in understanding the clients illness. It explains the relationship between the family functioning and the client symptoms. It is crucial in nursing practice to consider the family perception and verify together with the perception of the nurses to specific goals. This is an essential step as it pertains to the familys perception of the client symptomatology (King, 1981). For instance, in a case of schizophrenia one family is burdened with the members distortion of the normal function whereas some other family is burdened with the loss of function symptom in the member. Therefore, King, (1983) stated that the family burden is increased to a greater level with the perceived degree and the frequency of the symptomatology. The variable of time in families of adults with persistent mental illness, plays an important role in understanding the responses of the family to the illness over time (King, 1990). The time variable helps in assisting the family member by understanding their cumulative experience since the time of diagnosis of illness. FHT emphasise the nurses to help the family members to cope up with the event of the mental health problem by categorising their various coping methods into positive or negative. Implementing FHT in nursing practice requires nurses to be effective in identifying and addressing family and client stressors by effective intervention. Stressors are common in family burdened with the mental illness of their member which include employment, marital, intrafamily, financial, grief, loss, legal, and mental health (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). The vital concept in the nursing practice is professional communication. It is essential to meet the greatest need of the families of person with persistent mental illness which is communication between themselves and health care professionals. Nurses can decrease the family burden by attending and actively listening their concerns, supporting them in their efforts to cope up with the members mental disorder (Alligood, 2010). Educational interventions and providing critical information increases family functioning and client outcome, which is the major goal for nursing practice (Webb et al., 2016). As the family members undergoes tremendous stress dealing with the mental illness. Therefore, the goal of the nurses is to help and restore families health according to Kings theory (1990) and enhance their adaptive capabilities and strengths. Assumptions of the theory According to Doornbos, (2002) the theory is based on the following assumptions- There is a positive association between the family stressors and the familys perception of the clients symptomatology There is negative relation of the time since diagnosis of the mental illness with the family stressors The familys capacity to cope up with the young adults mental illness is positively associated with the family health The family health and the level of the family stressors is negatively associated The family health and the amount of professional communication is positively associated Changes occurring over time FHT was developed from the Kings conceptual system using a deductive approach. In 1981, Kings framework was developed based on the concept of three interacting system which are- personal, interpersonal and social system. FHT has selected six of these concepts, which are perceptions, coping, time, stressors, communication and health. Each of these was then applied to address the families of young adults suffering from persistent mental illness. The theory was empirically tested twice and underwent several changes. First concept was changed from familys perception of client level of health to familys perception of clients symptomatology keeping the concept of perception consistent from the Kings theory. There was a change in the theoretical definition of the term family health maintaining consistency with the Kings conceptualisation. It presently emphasises more on the familys satisfaction rather than their ability with their functioning. After the first empirical testing, the concept of professional communication was added to FHT realising this essential and informational component of the human interactions. Clarity of theory Doorknobs Family Health Theory (2000) utilizes comprehensive terminologies, and the ideas applicable to understand the focal theme was quite rational. She made use of the primary variables constituting a range of factors to assess the outcomes of health in family members of the adults suffering from persistent mental health illness. Each of the five variables comprising of the family perception of clients symptomatology, family coping, professional communication, family stressors and time since diagnosis of mental illness has been discussed in elaboration. All the three potential vulnerable population including the client, the family and the professional intervention has been well addressed. The understanding of the sociology of mental health and illness in connection with the immediate responses from the family members is imperative to foster quality healthcare service to the patient and necessary support to the family as well. Prevention of mental disorder and promotion of mental h ealth has been unanimously accepted as the best remedy to cure the ensuing illness (Rogers pilgrim, 2014). The theme of perceptions and beliefs associated with the persons with mental health disorder has been identified as essential to ensure better recovery (Lvvik eta l., 2014). The variability to ones reaction to a particular condition, different adaptive mechanisms and professional intervention are further highlighted as important determinants of mental health outcomes (Furnham Kirkcaldy, 2015). The theory further corroborated with the ideas of predicting the health status of the family members relating to the stressors in the concerned members that is very much realistic. Overall, all the propositions are discussed in an impeccable and easy manner that aids to the understanding of the key issues and thereby has implications for translation into research. Simplicity of theory Management of mental illness is a vast and complicated subject. Therefore, theories related to this subject are also complicated for a reader. FHT is a complex theory with six components that is familys perception of client symptomatology, coping, stressors, time since diagnosis of the mental illness, professional communication and family health. The difficulty lies in execution of the guidelines of the theory. There is a lack of clear establishment of the linkage between the family health and family care giving efforts. Therefore, it is difficult for the nurses to develop interventions without understanding the mutual relationship between these concepts (Chinn Kramer, 2015). Some of the concepts are well understood such as the need of professional communication between the nurses and the family and its significance in achieving health related goals. In addition, there is also a direct relationship between the familys perception of the clients health and stressors and consequently t he experience of family health. Overall, it is a complex theory involving six concepts which may prevent development of supporting interventions to sustain familys health. A theory with two to three concepts would have been ensured simplicity and uts applicability in nursing practice and research. Generalisability of theory Family health theory is generalisable to apply to families with different mentally ill members. The theory signifies the role of family in caregiving their members with persistent mental illness. This theory . However, this theory is not generalisable to other settings such as rehabilitation and primary care where the goal is to encourage mentally ill patients to self-care and be independent. This theory cannot be generalised for various populations who might experience mental illness such as older adults. Moreover, the linkage between the family health and family care giving efforts is not well understood. In addition, there is lack of more representative sample in terms of familys socioeconomic status, gender of the household respondents, and cultural diversity which is also limiting factor in the generality of the theory. The proponent of the theory recommends further investigations for future practice. Mental health nurses can apply this theory in research and practice to see it effects on families who can provide better care to their loved ones with mental illness based on this theory. Additional research can be carried out to develop instrumental and supporting interventions for families to deal with mentally ill. Thus, this theory influences the caregiving abilities of the families by addressing their basic needs (Doornbos, 2002). Accessibility of theory The reach of the family health theory is very far as it effectively addresses the empiric indicators of health outcomes of the adult family members with persistent mental illness patient. The health outcome predictors as suggested in the theory are both quite easily detectable and accessible. In the theory three pivotal dynamic and interacting systems comprising of personal, interpersonal and social. The battle of the family with persistent mental illness has been the topic of research for many in the past few decades. Green et al. (2014) have suggested guidelines for the future patient centered treatment and empirical research in connection with the patient with serious mental illness within a learning mental health care system that might be liked with this theory. Further research has indicated that the response of the family to critical illness might affect the carergiving actions rendered by them to the ill person (Davidson, Jones Bienvenu 2012). Thus the manner in which these f amily members are incorporated into decision making and care regime through adequate support and professional communication of the healthcare workers will cause a great impact upon the health outcomes as well. Thus verification of the information regarding the beliefs and notions of the concerned family members starting from the time since diagnosis of mental illness is necessary to forecast the health outcomes. The healthcare practitioners has immense scope of applying the assumptions as discussed in the theory to harbor better clinical outcomes and foster holistic mode of care to the desired population without encountering any significant issues whatsoever. With the rising global burden for mental disorders consideration of all the aspects of the family health theory shows promise in rendering quality delivery of care. The prioritization of the physical health problem over mental health issue has added to the agony of the family and hence increasing the stress component in them. H owever, case appropriate and prudent intervention mostly through education and awareness from the healthcare workers and nursing professionals ends might alter the situation. The improvement in the caregivers health can be directly correlated with the alleviation of the probable stress factors. Thus prevention programs as designed by the healthcare personnel might relive the economic burden of mental illness for the family as well and creating a positive impact on them (Ditton, 2013). The propositions of the theory are thus relatable to the nurses and other healthcare workers engaged in mental health care setting. The explanation of the ideas and concepts is very much consistent and may be suitable for predicting and providing beneficial health outcomes in the family with persistent mental health illness patient. Importance of theory The family health theory in the context of families of adults with persistent mental health illness has got great implication in terms of estimating the health outcomes and recommending necessary measures to mitigate the perpetual and nagging issues due to mental health illness. There lie immense opportunities for the nursing professional to undertake both verbal and non-verbal mode of communication as mentioned in the theory to effectively interact and extract optimum benefit out of such communication and alleviate the stress levels in the vulnerable family members who are endowed with the negative thoughts and perceptions. The health related goals can be further effectively addressed by means of following the useful propositions of the theory. Taking clues from the theory derived ideas similar studies pertinent to the recent times may be referred to where adequate emphasis has been laid upon strengthening the family resilience in order to achieve the expected clinical outcome. Faci litation of the family resilience by virtue of passage through crisis, transition and persistent challenges has been the focus of such research in an effort to combat the highly demanding situations due to mental health illness (Walsh, 2015). Hence the nursing schools and institutes must arrange for relevant learning modules and teaching strategies that will empower the nursing students to effectively apply the ideas retrieved from the family health theory into clinical practice. The knowledge regarding appropriate professional intervention through either interactive approach or other psychotherapeutic techniques will enable them to better understand and act accordingly for the caregivers who are encountering issues due to mental illness in the patient in the family. The greatest significance of the theory may be perceived from the fact that it takes into consideration multiple issues that probably undermines the dormant factors causing adversity for the caregivers to care for the patients with mental illness. The stigma linked to mental illness often impedes the caregivers and other people associated to provide care for the patient to seek and participate in mental health program. Stigma has been defined as a complex constructs that encompass self, public and structural constituents influencing the mental illness victim, their supporting team consisting of the family members, healthcare network and community resources. Advocacy of mental health literacy in conjunction with cultural competence and family recruitment in the care regime will therefore lessen the impact of mental health issue and associated health costs in case of the caregivers due to prolonged association with the problem. In this respect policy change is encouraged to address the issue and promote mental health awareness program (Corrigan, Druss, Perlick, 2014). The fundamental goal of nursing to help out individuals and groups with their distinct needs to attain, maintain and restore health may be achieved through this theory by paying attention to the circumstances of the family members of patients with persistent mental health illness. A study examined the efficacy of the family intervention program to educate the relatives of the patients with schizophrenia and thereby helping them to cope better with the situations generated positive outcomes. The findings indicated that the relapse rate could be effectively minimized by incorporating the family into the treatment program and hence accounted for decreasing the load of mental pressure on the caregivers to a large extent (Pitschel-Walz et al., 2015). Thus the theory has the potential to enable the nursing professionals with enough training and expertise to deal with the family members of persistently me ntally ill patients that might add to their improved health outcomes and quicker recuperation from the distressed state. Strengths and weakness of theory The family health theory is a distinguished and holistic theory that is driven by the fundamental principles that can very reasonably attend to the family health outcomes in the concerned population where persisting mental health illness is a prevalent issue. One of the vital strength of the theory arises from the attention being laid upon the independent predictors of family health ranging from the adaptive mechanisms of the family, perceptions of the family regarding the symptoms in the patient, stressors affecting the situation and other associated factors. The propositions of the theory may be corroborated with the research findings that lay importance in collaborative trail of progress including the family members together with the client and the therapist to ensure that the goals of clinical intervention has been attained (Bitter, 2013). Thus, this theory may be implemented in nursing practice in the form of succinct guidelines to facilitate rapid learning outcomes among the nu rsing students. Unlike any other theory, the family health theory also has its own limitations and loopholes. The foremost identifiable drawback is concerned with the factor that consider the time since diagnosis of mental illness for the family to predict their health outcomes. The impact of this variable has generated contradictory responses through empirical research findings that relate the variation in results due to passage of time with either increased or decreased burden of mental health illness in the client. The cumulative experience of the family has not been addressed satisfactorily in the theory and therefore requires further extrapolation and elaboration for future consideration. Another less understood aspect of the theory attribute to the concept of stressors that underpin the family health outcomes. Although certain specific type of stressors such as the ones including intrafamily, financial, employment, marital, illness related, grief and loss, legal transition and mental healthcar e system stressors have been mentioned, yet the degree and exact impact of this factor has not been well assessed (Bush et al., 2015). Therefore psychiatric mental health nursing with the concepts matching evidence based practice to devise suitable nursing intervention is of utmost necessity to resolve the issues because of the impact of stress (Townsend, 2014). However, careful consideration of all the confounding factors can help to mitigate the negative health outcomes in the family of patients with persistent mental health illness thereby promoting health and wellness among them (Riegel, Jaarsma, Strmberg 2012). The specific mental health issues those are likely to impact the behaviors and health outcomes of the family also need to be appropriately identified in order to render quality healthcare facility in such cases. Implications for refinement research and practice The propositions and assumptions of the theory attended to the causes for the burden among the family caregivers with patients of persisting mental health illness. In real life situations the degrees and frequencies of the onset of symptoms related to mental illness may further affect the stress generation of the family members or caregivers. The orientation and working of the family gets severely affected due to presence of such perpetual problems. The various novel coping methods as carried out by the family members culminate in producing either positive or negative effects that might cause easier management or subsequent deterioration of health as per the given circumstance. In this regard the refinement of the theory is appreciable to identify the accurate and case appropriate remedy that may be applied to treat the condition holistically. Hence design of suitable interventions is absolutely necessary to alleviate the hazards and improvise education and consultation including the patient and the family together. Research has revealed that certain serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depression may be effectively addressed through family incorporation into treatment protocol for making informed decisions (Burden, 2013). The theory may be well utilized under such circumstance to analyze the feasibility of the prospective interventional technique. The three chief factors in the family health theory consisted of the client, family and professional component. Careful analysis and due importance given to each of the component will therefore ensure better health outcomes for the family as a whole. The theory may be used by the nurses to test the reliability and validity of the theoretical framework provided. Comparison of the efficacy of this theory with respect to other theories can hence highlight about the actual benefits of using the theory. Numerous current and previous empirical researches have brought to the forefront the importance of family accommodation representing clinical data that are worth evaluating, supervising and identifying in clinical care setting. Family health in such cases may be positively affected due to implementation of therapies targeting family accommodation (Lebowitz et al., 2014). The applicability of the theory into real life practice has not been indicated anywhere. However, considering the utilities and clarity of the propositions mentioned in the theory itself it is expected that the nurses will abide by the theoretical guidelines to allow for the generation of positive outcomes. Prior to the actual trial of the theory into clinical practice the nurses may need to do a thorough and in depth investigation so as to be on guard against the possible drawbacks that might negatively impact the health outcomes in the family members having patients with persistent mental illness. In this context the reference may be cited for a study that inferred that need based short term psycho educational intervention meant for the family members of the schizophrenic patients might extract advance outcomes for both the family as well as the patient (Sharif, Shaygan, Mani, 2012). Therefore, utilization of the family health theory into clinical practice will enhance the profess ional competency as well as pave the way for consecutive research on this topic. Conclusion Management of mental illness is debilitating for the family and other caregivers. It requires a holistic approach for the nurses to assist the family to maintain their health and ensure client outcomes. Implementing theory-based practice is a hallmark of professional discipline like nursing. The central theme of nursing mid range theories revolves around physical and social environment around the human beings with the goal of the health. The major element of the Family Health Theory is identified in the interpersonal system where the family and the health care professionals interact to seek help in restoring their health and in turn care for the young adults with the persistent mental illness. After careful analysis of the FHT using the guidelines provided by Chinn Kramer, (2015) it can be concluded that FHT is a clear theory constituting a range of factors to assess the outcomes of health in family members of the adults suffering from persistent mental health illness. The health care professionals, nurses and adult patients can all use this theory to harbor better clinical outcomes and foster holistic mode of care to the desired population. Although the theory has drawbacks it is significant to be applied in research and practice. The theory is important for nurse to understand their practice and develop best interventions necessary to alleviate the hazards and improvise education and consultation including the patient and the family together. The strength of the theory is the enhancement of the family caregiving role and their health as they struggle to cope with the illness. However, the complexity of the theory due to six concepts limits its applicability. This middle range theory provides a framework for this initiative as it integrates the client, family and professional components into the practice. Thus, it is an important initiative in nursing practice to protect the health of the families struggling with the mentally ill member. Formulation of such theory accompanied by empirical testing is promising to the science of nursing. References Alligood, M. R. (2013).Nursing theory: Utilization application. 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